African Americans role of Television Essay -- essays papers

African Americans role of Television The roles African Americans play on television are not satisfactory. Though the roles have changed during the development of television, the current relationship is not representative of true African American people or their lifestyles. The question is how do the past roles African Americans play in television sitcoms compare to the current roles? How does this affect society’s perception of the African American in American culture? Throughout the history of television the roles and the representation of African Americans has developed with the changing cultural conditions. However, the representation of African American’s has not fully simulated into today’s society. What the average citizen views on his or her television does not accurately portray the African American’s influence on America. The early days of television held great optimism and hope for this new form of media as an avenue for African Americans to assimilate into white American culture. However, a pattern became evident, a pattern of type casting African Americans in roles which did not accurately and wholly portray the individual. A misrepresentation of African Americans became the common image on television. Variety shows initially promoted the new media as an opportunity for equal representation and communication between the races. However, a trend developed with African Americans often being â€Å"portrayed as custodians, maids, servants, clowns, or buffoons† (Crenshaw). The negative image, which was developed by these stereotypes, was perpetuated in the Amos and Andy Show. This television show began as a radio show featuring two white men portraying two comedic black men. When the show was transferred to television, two African American men were cast in the roles, acting as buffoons. The popularity of the show was overwhelming. This was the initial image of African Americans in television, which reached mainstreams Caucasian America and was the foundation for which future stereotypes were created. A new image of African American families was presented in the eighty’s with the Cosby Show. The Huxtable’s were a successful African American family with a life similar to the accepted and established Caucasian mainstream. This show was not accepted fully because it failed to represent the full cultural scope of African Americans. The current... ...After giving the presentation there were many different views coming from the audience which were not expected. The audience did not hold the same views presented to them. The point addressed was about how Will Smith was the buffoon on The Fresh Prince of Bel Air. They did not feel Will Smith was acting buffoonish, they thought he just brought comedy to the show. The audience seemed to focus on black people acting white rather than black people acting ignorant. They brought up the character Carlton, and how he acted white. When asked the question how they knew he was acting white they said he went to an all white school and was influenced by the way they acted. The audience also said Will criticized Carlton for acting white. They excused Will's buffoonish actions by saying white people were also made fun of through Carlton's character. This brings up the question how do we know what is characterized as acting "black" or acting "white", and what makes a show a "black" show or a " white" show. Again these questions revert back to the fact television shows have embedded stereotypes in our society. This makes people believe there must be a typical "black" person and "white" person.

Life Define Leadership Essay

What is the leadership? I often ask myself. Leadership is a very abstract concepts, some people don’t have a way to go to real life define leadership, even if he is now running a large company even leadership a country. Because of its category is too big. Through a few weeks of classroom study, I gradually with the own leadership definition, began to try to explore what is leadership. Before work experience, also have to lead a team, but have no real system to learn what the leadership is. Below the article I will explain the leadership in my heart. Leadership is a process of getting things done through people, in the textbook, we begin to contact the Leadership of the theory of knowledge, also in class, through a few small games, such as Marshmallow tower, practice Leadership. The textbook says the three types of leadership, democratic, authoritarian, laissez faire, I think, real leadership is difficult to directly will these separate, and they will fusion these types. In different times and different situation, displays the different style, this is the true leaders. If simple to put a person’s leadership types are classified it is very one-sided. We can only say they are more inclined to what kind. For example, I will talk about my personal experience. When I was a universities’ student in China, I opened an e-commerce company, it called Universities’ cell phone union of China and seven people went into business together for the company, they were students too, I was in them as leader. At first, everyone has great enthusiasm, is with a passion of the cavity work, also rely on my personal charm, because we were both have no money, no experience. Many companies have to work things, such as do website, hair handbill, wait a tired of live. But the work is not ideal, the company does not have profit, after period of time, they began to lose patience, lose passion. They all wanted to give up. Someone suggested, just gave it up, and then strive on useless. And this time, as a team leader, you must stand up, with authoritarian way hold on, in the spirit up motivate them, use the positive spirit to inspire them. Let them think we are a team and never give up. To hold on, we will be successful. This is a very often in the startup problem, if the team leader without certain perseverance and decision making, it is difficult to spend the difficulty. Fortunately, we pass the difficulties, the website has begun to have customers, and someone is looking for us to buy cell phones, gradually have profit. But problems also began, the team started seven of the site’s planning the divergence web site is primarily sell mobile phone, but on the web site are beginning to target customers later, they want to sell other things on the site, and cell phone extraneous matter. This time is to do or do all fine. It is hard to the choice. This time, I had a meeting, and let people talk of the company, through the very democratic way to listen to their views, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each, weigh the advantages and disadvantages and website decided to continue to sell mobile phone, the industry bigger, which is conducive to the next development. Through three years of operation, we market distribution in 20 provinces, under the small team have 300 university student, have the same administrative headquarters, we formed a good few department, the finance department, the Marketing Department, human resources department, technology department, administration department. Form a comparison of the regulation of the company. I can say, the company exercise great leadership skills. Also in the actual experience accumulated a lot of experience for leadership. Leadership means responsibility. It’s adventure and often fun, but it always means responsibility. The leader is the guy the others look to get the job done How to use the leadership knowledge . There are many leadership case analysis, or Project, and emphasizes the grasp of the business world now, after the study of the leadership course, we can easily see clear a enterprise under the surface of the actual operation of the means, the enterprise strategy, culture, capital, etc. Of course these to personal future career will not have a direct function, but it is an indispensable exercise. The future of my leadership From the leadership class let me from thinking came out, let me know a completely different world, let me made clear the idea of starting my own business. I believe the leadership value, also hope to have more students, no matter whether have the class and have joined the innovative team . let us together to do some different things, and not waste their own intelligence and one cavity warm blood. You are not a finished leader. No one ever is, not even a president or prime minister. But you are an explorer of the human mind because now you are going to try to learn how to get things done through people. This is one of the keys to leadership. So I will change my style and try different kinds of leadership style in the classroom. Constantly to experience feel, this is advantageous to the development of future better. I have enjoyed this class that can let me know some different things. The teacher has many ways to help the student know some leadership knowledge like the small games. And you are very easy to master this theory, also easy to define. You can use knowledge be applied to real life. Thank you for the teacher.

The Destruction of the Drinking Age - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 600 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Lowering The Drinking Age Essay Did you like this example? Why can an 18 year old die for our country, vote on decisions that affect us all, and go to prison but cannot drink alcohol legally? The drinking age in America should be lowered from 21 to 18 in order to lose alcohols forbidden allure, decrease the number of binge drinking cases, and raise awareness and educate the dangers of alcohol use. According to David J. Hansen, a sociology professor at State university in New York When we raise the drinking age to 21, which incidentally is the highest in the world, it makes drinking more attractive to young people (Href, Mailto, and Jacinto). Called the forbidden fruit syndrome people inevitably want what is restricted to them (Griggs). Putting restrictions or limitations on something can evoke or change peoples ideas of importance on that particular item. At 18, teenagers are legally branded as adults. We can finally vote, we can drive without limits, we can enroll in the military, we can get tattoos, and we can marry without parental consent but for some reason the government decided that we need four more years of supposed adulthood to be able to drink. The drinking age for many countries is 18 and lower because there cultures do not treat alcohol as a terrible poison or magic potion(Herf, Mailto, and Jacinto). Our society has turned alcohol into a secret desire and coping m echanism. We have created this forbidden allure about alcohol drawing teenagers to underground drink being unsupervised which can cause harm to not only them but others around them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Destruction of the Drinking Age" essay for you Create order Lowering the drinking agea to 18 could decrease the amount of binge drinking cases. The CDC reports that there are 2,200 alcohol poisoning deaths in the US this year and that binge drinking can lead to death from alcohol poisoning(CDC). The majority age of people who binge drink are young adults between the ages of 18-34 (CDC). There are numerous cases of binge drinking when people, specifically college students, turn 21 because most of the time instead of educating people on alcohol use people who have finally turned of age decide to go excessively drink because they do not care or do not know about the harm of alcohol but are rather excited due to the anticipation of waiting for 21 years. Raising awareness and educating people about alcohol use is a better defense towards alcohol instead of raising the drinking age to 21 years old. Alcohol abuse and addiction are two of the most widespread forms of substance abuse in the world, including in the United States(Alcohol.org). A large percentage of the American people develop an addiction to alcohol because they were not educated about the risks and dangers that comes along with alcohol. The world perceives alcohol as a tool to forget or a device to transform you into something else. They forget to mention all of the negative effects of alcohol and how one drink can turn into ten. McCardell, a university president, suggests the idea that like a learners permit, when you turn 18 you are eligible for an alcohol permit after graduation and finishing a course on alcohol awareness (Griggs). Alcohol is not some satanic device meant to ruin your life nor a drug to make you happy. It is merely a type of drink meant for celebrations and special events. Jesus even converts water to wine, which is an alcoholic beverage. Most alcoholic related deaths are contributed from alcohol abuse and addiction but if we lower the drinking age from 18 to 21 we will lose alcohols forbidden allure, decrease the amount of binge drinking cases, and raise awareness about the risks and dangers about alcohol use.

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Characteristics Of A Tragic Hero - 944 Words

The main classification for a character to be known as a tragic hero is that the so-call hero has some type a flaw that causes cloudiness in his/her judgment, and leads to the downfall of himself/herself or those around him/her. In Aristotle s Poetics, he describes what characteristics a tragic hero will mostly like have, since both Euripides s Medea and Homer s Achilles have downfalls that not only affect them but also the those around them, they should be classified as tragic heroes by Aristotle s definition and by today s definition. One of the characteristics of a tragic hero according to Aristotle is that the protagonist must come from nobility, so that the downfall of the character is greater than an average person s, and should have some type of unique skills or abilities. It is clear that both Medea and Achilles have this characteristic. Medea was the daughter of Aeà «tes, king of Colchis, and the wife the Greek warrior Jason; she is also known for her magic abilities. Achilles was a Greek warrior, who was also son of Peleus, king of the Myrmidons, and Thetis, minor nature goddess. Therefore, the previous background information alone fulfills one characteristic of a tragic hero. Another of the characteristic of a tragic hero is that the main character has personality traits that leads to their downfall. Both Achilles and Medea share common personalities traits such as being short-tempered, prideful, and thirst for revenge. At the beginning of Homer sShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of A Tragic Hero1295 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Aristotle, a Tragic Hero is described as a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her destruction. Aristotle once said that A man doesnt become a hero until he can see the root of his downfall. An Aristotelian tragic hero must possess specific characteristics, five of which are below: 1)Flaw or error of judgment (hamartia) Note the role of justice and revenge in the judgments. 2) A reversal of fortune (peripeteia) brought about because of the herosRead MoreCharacteristics Of Willy Loman A Tragic Hero834 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman a Tragic Hero? Death Of a Salesman is a 1949 play written by american playwright Arthur Miller. It is a breathtaking play about Willy Loman, a salesman, trying to chase a dream that died long ago. It expresses how the old man’s life comes crumbling down with his last few attempts to make some of his dream reality and help his family in debt. Now people are debating weather Willy loman fits the right characteristics to be classified as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is someone who makesRead MoreCharacteristics of a Tragic Hero in Oedipus the King by Sophocles1238 Words   |  5 PagesThrough Aristotle’s specific definition of a tragic hero, it can be concluded that Oedipus is a tragic hero. Oedipus The King was written by a well-known tragic dramatist named Sophocles. This story is considered to be one of the greatest tragedies of all time. In fact, the Marjorie Barstow of the Classical Weekly says that it â€Å"fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the high est degree† (Barstow). It is also very controversial because of the relationship that Oedipus hasRead More John Proctor is a Tragic Hero in The Crucible by Arthur Miller688 Words   |  3 PagesGreeks, tragic heroes have been used to enhance the meaning of a play or literary work. Any character cannot be described as tragic hero. Several key characteristics are necessary for the tragic hero to possess in order to be characterized as such. He must be high-ranked or have a high standing in the community. He must have a weakness or a tragic flaw and be involved in a struggle. In the end, that struggle will lead to his downfall. Arthur Miller purposely incorporates these characteristics into JohnRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antig one. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his ability to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead More The Tragic Hero: Creon or Antigone? Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone and Creon can both be thought of as the tragic hero of the play. Though Antigone does show some of these characteristics of a tragic hero, Creon demonstrates the attributes more clearly and concisely. Creon is the King of Thebes, as well as the uncle of Antigone. Creon took the throne after a tragic quarrel between his two nephews, Eteocles and Polyneices. Despite his harsh governing and his crude ideals, he is not good or bad. Creon is the tragic hero of the play Antigone, because of his superiorityRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles1059 Words   |  5 Pages In the book Antigone, Creon and Antigone can be considered as the tragic heroes of the play. Antigone is considered the tragic hero because of the characteristics she shows such as her ambition to defeat Creon, Creon shows more of the characteristics clearly. Creon is the king of Thebes. He is also Antigones uncle. Creon became king after a fight between Eteocles and Polyneices. One may see Creon as a harsh and controlling ruler, but he is not good nor bad because he shows signs of both like whenRead MoreCharacteristics Of Michael Jackson712 Words   |  3 PagesMichael Jackson a tragic hero? Well, What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is someone who is great or virtuous character who is destined for downfall, suffering or defeat. Michael Jackson fits characteristics of a tragic hero. Many people remember him by his influence on people and music.Some of the ways he did inspire people was by doing things for children. Michael fits the characteristics as a tragic hero in many differen t ways with all the downfalls and positive things he has done for us todayRead MoreExamples Of John Proctor In The Crucible985 Words   |  4 PagesProctor; Tragic Hero or Ordinary Joe Plays have been used as a method of storytelling and form of entertainment for hundreds of years. A tragedy is one type of play where the audience pities the characters and fear the same consequences that the characters face. In addition, tragedies often include a tragic hero who has a tragic flaw causing his or her downfall. One example of a play that is a tragedy and includes a tragic hero is the The Crucible. John Proctor in The Crucible is a true tragic heroRead More Shakespeare - Tragic Heros Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesamp;quot;tragic heroamp;quot;, which has become synonymous with Shakespearean dramas, was developed before Hamlet, Macbeth or any of Shakespeare’s well-known plays were written. The literary term was actually discovered around 330 BC by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Through his theory of catharsis, Aristotle debated that the great plays of Sophicles, Euripides, and other Greek playwrights contained tragic heroes similar to each other, which all portrayed four basic characteristics (amp;quot;English

Change and Continuity in Constantinople Free Essays

Constantinople was a city with a long a diverse history especially through the years of 1450 to 1750. Between these to dates Constantinople changed drastically in its political structure. Constantinople also had a tremendous chance in its trade activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Change and Continuity in Constantinople or any similar topic only for you Order Now Innovation both militarily and nonmilitary within this city however remained virtually unchanged between 1450 to 1750. In short Constantinople transformed itself between 1450 to 1750 in the fields of government and business, but remained constant in its technological advancements. In the area of politics the chance of Constantinople couldn’t have been more drastic in the years between 1450 and 1750. In1453 the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Empire in the siege of Constantinople. This in turn allowed the Ottoman Turks to take Constantinople and completely defeat the rest of the remaining Byzantine Empire. The Ottoman Empire renamed the city to Istanbul and made it one of there capitals of there empire that ruled most all of the Middle East. The city was extremely vulnerable to attack because of the forth crusades that sacked the city and heavily depleted its population and allowed ottomans to take it. This new government allowed for the growth of religions, even make Constantinople a once Christian stronghold to a predominantly Muslim city. This new government also allowed for a large rise in population going from a few thousand in the 15th century to the over half a million in the 18th century. This was caused by an increase of culture and artwork due to the leadership of Suleiman the Magnificent. The other massive change in Constantinople between 1450 to 1750 was the amount of trade that was preformed. The lack of trade was because of Ottoman conquering of the city in 1453. This capture of the city created total dominance of the Middle East created a regional block of all trade routes effectively creating an Ottoman trade monopoly which allowed the Ottomans to charge whatever they wanted, this made it unprofitable to trade for the Asian goods that Europeans wanted so bad. This was the largest reason for the Europe’s age of exploration. The simple fact that the prices were too high making trade impractical causing a lack of trade and Europeans looking to the sea for trade with Asia. This in contrast with the previous large amounts of trade that use to go through Constantinople because of its great location between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Those most elements of the city of Constantinople were changed by the new empire that ruled it the one thing that stayed the same was the technology that was used in Constantinople. The Ottoman Turks were very regressive and didn’t embrace new technologies. This lack of progression caused by the Ottoman conservative clergy plus the lack of trade cause a lack of diffusion and a lack of advancements in there society. This all the while the rest of the world was making leaps and bounds forward. This was what caused the long term demise of the Ottoman. How to cite Change and Continuity in Constantinople, Essay examples

Ethical Issues And Dilemmas From Financial Statement Of Dick Smith

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues And Dilemmas From The Financial Statement Of Dick Smith. Answer: Introduction With the increasing ramification of economic changes and complex business structure, Dick smith holding, a major electronic retailer has closed down its business due to several ethical and legal compliance issues. It is evaluated that Dick smith holding company has failed to comply with the international and financial reporting standards. In this report, study has been prepared on the financial and non-financial aspects of Dick smith holding company and ethical and legal compliance issues which have resulted to closure of the business (Mills and Woodford, 2015). Present description of company Dick smith holding company is major retailer company which was acquired by Anchorage capital partner. This company was part of Woolworth Company which sold Dick smith holding company to by Anchorage capital partner for AUD$ 115 million. After that Dick Smith holding company got listed and sold its shares in market. However, due to the sluggish market conditions, Dick Smith Company had to face liquidation in its business process and closed down its business. (Anchorage capital, 2017). The main ethical dilemma which was faced by Dick Smith Company was related to its less efficient financial reporting compliance program and disclosure of wrong information to its stakeholders. This resulted to sudden increase of overall market share of company and also increased its market capitalization of company by AUD $ 520 million. Market making process of directors and mangers of Dick Smith Company reflects the sudden increase in overall share price of company and investors inclination towards buyi ng companys share (Adelopo, 2016). After collecting data from the secondary sources, it is considered that Dick smith company was sold by Woolworth to Anchorage capital partner for the initial amount of cash payment of AUD$ 20 million and eventually Anchorage Capital investment company had to pay AUD$ 115 million for the acquisition of Dick Smith company. Nonetheless, at the time of listing of company an due to the market making of companys directors and mangers of company, the market capitalization of company resulted to value of AUD$ 520 million. The main ethical dilemma arise when Anchorage capital partner did not disclose the information about the functioning of Dick Smith company and adopted the falsifiedaccounting in the financial statement of Dick Smith company. (Bahadir, DeKinder Kohli, 2015) The Anchorage company caught in the ethical dilemma regarding whether to disclose the Dick Smith companys information to its stakeholders or not. It was clear if Anchorage Investment C ompany failed to disclose information to stakeholders then it would put negative impact on the share value of Dick Smith or may result to closure down of its business (Malley, 2016). Another ethical issue was related to misguide the investors by showing falsified market making process (Knapp, 2016). Critically evaluation of Dick Smith Company in handling Earning Management and related issue of real activities management A real activity management of company is related to application of management functioning to manipulate financial information to shareholders. It is considered that dick smith holding was acquired by Anchorage capital partner by paying USD$ 115 million to Woolworth. It is evaluated that by showing falsified statement to showcase high earning to its stakeholders company increased its market capitalization to AUD$ 520 million (Adelopo, 2016). After evaluating the annual report of Dick Smith Company, it is determined that company issued share value of USD$ 7682980 in the market and shareholders invested in these shares on the basis of falsified statement and wrong profit earning result of company. This reflects the real activities management of company to depict the falsified information to attract more investors to buy companys share and create value of company in the market (Malley, 2016). Management department and directors of Dick Smith Company manipulated all the data and produce f ake documents to increase. Ethical dilemma of management department of Dick Smith Dick Smith Company had reflected high amount of profit and increased value of its total assets and showcased less amount of profit earned (Tomasi, Bottomley and McQueen, 2002). This level of manipulation in the profit of company was made by implementing real activities management plan and reflecting high earning of the company. (Ferraro, 2017). In addition to this, Dick Smith Company also decreases its capital assets by selling its myopic softwares to other organizations and decrease the overall cost of capital to increase the overall profit of company. This act was done by company to manipulate the real profit of company and increase the overall profit of company to misguide the shareholders to increase the value of share in capital market (Tomasic, Bottomed, and McQueen, 2002). However, ethical dilemma could be defined as concern when organization caught in a situation where both situation has right and right option or wrong or wrong options.Another falsification of information was done by company by reflecting negative results of overproductions in which company manipulated all the inventory details and increased overall production and profit of company (Leow, 2009). This falsification of inventory details and overproduction of goods has reflected unimaginable profit in that particular year which not only increased its share value in the market but also Increase Companys value in shareholders mind. It is further evaluated that market making process and real activities management initially increased the overall profit reflection of company but eventually resulted to negative (AASB 102. 2009). This real activities management of company could increase the overall profit but eventually it will showcase negative result in the end. The biggest scam of Dick smith was related to showcase manipulation of profit by adding the consideration of USD$ 50 million in the net profit to misguide the shareholders. This act manipulated shareholders to invest more money in the s hare capital of Dick Smith and resulted to falsified market capitalization. Another dilemma of Dick Smith Company was related to offering high amount of discounts and offers to clients in the market. However, this practice of company was valid to increase the overall sales of company but resulted to destruction of consumer electronic market (Bahadir, DeKinder and Kohli, 2015). This level of discount offering increased overall sales of company but showcase negative implication of business. Inflation of sales by offering various lucrative offers to client was just an illusion of company. The ethical dilemma is related to the management functioning and their practice to falsified companys financial information in the best interest of company in determined approach (Drazba, 2015). Conclusion After evaluating all the details of Dick Smith case and other information of the case, it could be considered that directors and managers falsified all the details and earning of company with a view to attract more investors in the market. In addition to this, manipulation in the profit of company was made by implementing real activities management plan and reflecting high earning of the company so that investors could invest their capital in Dick Smith company with a view to attract more investors to invest in its capital. Now in the end, it could be inferred that Management of company has acted in fiduciary position to the company but ethically they should not indulged infalsification of accounting and financial informations in determined approach. References AASB 102. 2009. Inventories. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09.pdf [Accessed on: 31st August 2017]. Adelopo, I. 2016. Auditor Independence: Auditing, Corporate Governance and Market Confidence. Routledge. Anchoragecapital. 2017. Dick Smith Holdings Limited. [Online]. Available at: https://www.anchoragecapital.com.au/case-study-dick-smith/ [Accessed on: 31st August 2017]. Bahadir, S. C., DeKinder, J. S.,and Kohli, A. K. 2015 Marketing an IPO issuer in early stages of the IPO process.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(1), 14-31. Drazba, E., 2015. Value Creation in European Private Equity Investments: Theoretical Framework and Case Study of PE Primary and Secondary Investment in Poundland-UK-based company. Ferraro, O., 2017. Business valuation: premiums and discounts in international professional practice. InFinancial Environment and Business Development(pp. 79-88). Springer International Publishing. Knapp, M.C. 2016. Contemporary Auditing. Cengage Learning. Leow, J. 2009. Australian Master Superannuation Guide 2010/11. CCH Australia Limited. Malley, A. 2016. Dick Smith collapse raises more questions foraccounting profession. [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/dick-smith-collapse-raises-more-questions-for-accounting-profession-20160721-gqagz5.html [Accessed on: 02 July 2017]. Mills, A. and Woodford, W. 2015. Company Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tomasic, R., Bottomley, S., and McQueen, R. 2002. Corporations Law in Australia. Federation Press.